The Dangers of Pastoral Counseling

One of the dangers within pastoral counseling is always the possibility that the pastor may in fact do greater harm than good to the individual receiving the counsel. The pastor must be very careful in what he or she says and must use discernment in the approach he or she uses to every person who comes to them for pastoral counsel. It is important that the pastor be a good listener as well as someone who can speak good words of counsel. The pastor must also remember that the person they are counseling is much more than simply a problem to be solved or something broken that needs to be fixed. The pastor needs to remember that while it may very well be true that this person has many issues that need to be resolved, the pastor may not always be able to lead them to the place that would be the most desirable for them to be. It can be easy for the pastor to become discouraged when he or she sees people making the same mistakes or getting caught in the same sins or problems over and over again. The pastor needs to keep in mind that while this is heartbreaking to see people harming themselves in these ways, the pastor cannot be the savior of everybody. Christ is the savior, not the pastor. The pastor is only Christ’s representative attempting to bring Christ’s healing to His people. Ultimately though, it is Christ who heals. Christ does, however, use His people, including the pastor through counseling, to bring about the healing of people. It can become dangerous when the pastor begins to think that everything relies on him or her. The pastor is responsible for an important part, but not the whole. Christ, but also the person receiving pastoral counseling, is also responsible for much of the progress that is made. Dr. Quanstrom mentioned in class how he had to give up on trying to save the marriage of a particular couple he was counseling because he came to the realization that he cared much more about saving their marriage than they did themselves. The pastor is not responsible for everything.

The pastor must also be careful in counseling because it can be easy for the pastor to become too emotionally involved with the person who is receiving the counsel. If the pastor recognizes that he or she is thinking often about the person he or she is counseling outside of the counseling sessions, then that would be a good indication that these counseling sessions should stop happening. Counseling is not meant to be a long-term process. The goal is that the one receiving counsel will be helped and then be able to move on. When the counseling sessions begin to drag out this can be a sign that this counseling is moving in an unhealthy direction.

Another danger in pastoral counseling is that often people reveal too much information to the pastor about a great many number of things. While it may difficult, the pastor needs to recognize when the person is beginning to speak too much about certain things and he or she must be willing to interrupt and move the conversation in a different direction. Sometimes people reveal things that did not need to be disclosed about other people in the church, but they can also place themselves in a position of extreme vulnerability. It is good for the pastor to recognize that if he or she lets a parishioner become too vulnerable with them then he or she may be jeopardizing their own role as pastor and shepherd in this person’s life. The pastor needs to remember that his or her primary role as pastor is pastoring, not counseling. While counsel may be involved, the pastor must never surrender their role as someone’s pastor in order to be their counselor. Dr. Quanstrom gave an example of this in class, saying that there was a woman in the congregation who had revealed too much about her past to him in counseling, and after that the pastoral relationship was never as it had or could have been because she appeared to feel shame every time they came into contact with each other – almost as though she were thinking every time she saw him “Oh, he knows what I did. He knows how dirty I am.”

Another danger that the pastor may experience in counseling people is that of feeling as though he or she finds meaning or purpose in fixing people’s problems. While it is good to take a certain amount of pride in what you do, the danger comes when your emotional needs are met by counseling other people. You become reliant on the problems of other people in order to make yourself feel good or better about yourself. This is a problem because in doing this one not only takes on a wrong and unhealthy view of the one being counseled and the problems that they face, but one also begins to develop a false perception of his or her self. They begin to rely on the one being counseled and the act of counseling them to define who they are as a person instead of allowing God to have the final word as to their worth. We must rely on God to fulfill us and not on the feeling we get when we “fix” people. Also, with this idea we are recognizing that we are not the ones that do the fixing. God is the one who “fixes” people, and He uses us in this process.

Another important thing to watch out for when counseling people is to make sure that your own family life is healthy. The temptation to do something inappropriate with someone you are counseling to either satisfy emotional needs or sexual desires can become greater when you are not living in right relationship with your spouse. Counseling people of the opposite gender can be dangerous when done on a one-on-one basis. Dr. Quanstrom said that when he counseled people at his church, it was done in a fairly open setting. His office had windows exposed to the front of the Church and his secretary was in the building as well. He also ran to his wife whenever someone of the opposite sex started to make advances on him. It is important to be honest with your wife about things like this. The counseling of this person can no longer be a private matter, because this person obviously had other intentions different from receiving counsel. While it is not necessary or helpful to tell your wife about everybody’s problems in the church, it is necessary to involve your wife in something like this. If you find yourself hiding things like this from your wife, then this is a serious issue.

The Incarnational Essence of the Pastoral Call

The pastor is the presence of God to his or her people in fleshly form. To many of them, when the pastor shows up it means that God is with them. This is not to say that God was not with them before of course, but the pastor serves as a visible reminder of God’s presence among his people. People need physical reminders that God is present. People need relationships with a pastor because to them (and to God) the pastor is one who provides a physical relationship that is representative of the relationship between God and mankind. It is both over and underestimated the role of the pastor as the representative between God and mankind. It is overestimated when we think that God speaks to people by only the means of the pastor. It is underestimated when we think that God mainly speaks to people individually. Such a view is isolating and individualistic – a concept foreign to the community of the saints. People need to “see” God, particularly in times of tragedy, and the pastor is usually the closest that people come to “seeing” God. The pastor represents the hope and love of God just by his or her own presence during times of uncertainty and tragedy. “One’s being there is in a powerful sense the ‘presence’ of the Church, and of Christ. Why is it so urgently, so pathetically, important that the pastor be there? Because he is the palpable sign of the supportive community and the community’s Lord. Of course Christ has preceded the pastor. Of course, of course. But in such times of crisis these commonplaces are frighteningly distant and abstract. It is the personal character of the Presence in the person of the pastor that is believable and consoling” (Neuhaus 43-4).

An Eschatological Community

It is important for the church to recognize itself as an eschatological community because the church has an eschatological hope. The church exists in the future as well as the present. It is the hope of what the church will be that drives the church in its present work and causes the church to realize that what she will be in the future is something that she can take hold of now in the present time. This is called “living up to what one has already attained,” or “taking hold of what one already owns.” This future hope causes the church to act according to that hope. The church becomes in the present what she believes she will be in the future. If the church believes that she will fade and die out in the end then she is in fact fading and dying now. If the church believes that she will shine and be made new in the end then she is in fact shining and being made new in the present. What we believe ourselves to be in the future is what we become today. This is why dwelling upon the sin of the past is unhealthy, because that assumes that what we were yesterday is what we will always be to a certain extent, and if we believe that then we truly will be all that we dwell upon in the past that we allow to captivate us. We must allow the hope of the future glory to shape us now and so cause the future to become the present. “But it is precisely in speaking of the future that we address the here and now; for the needs and hungers of the moment cannot be understood except by reference to that healing and filling which is the promised future.” (Neuhaus 132).

Reflections on The Great Emergence

Phyllis Tickle’s book The Great Emergence: How Christianity Is Changing and Why is a relevant book to read because it speaks of an issue that the church is currently facing. This issue is, in part, the idea of a postmodern church. While this issue is relevant, Tickle does a rather poor job executing the conversation. She brings up a lot of good points, but she does not do a good job overall. One obvious example is simply in the conversational way she presents her ideas. While this makes for an easy read, this also allowed for many grammatical errors. A conversational-style approach can be very helpful, but Tickle was not entirely successful in her attempt. Also, she claims to be a scholar, and yet she does not give any real sources in her bibliography. Most of her footnotes are simply extra comments or ideas that she had. There is little evidence of extensive research.

The emergent and the emerging church are the focus of this book, but Tickle does more than simply speak of the shape the church is taking in the present day. She also speaks of how the church has been formed and shaped since it was conceived. Tickle claims that every five hundred years or so the church has what one might call a rummage sale of sorts where the church takes into consideration where it is heading and what it thinks should be kept as far as beliefs and practices are concerned and what should be thrown out. The author states that there have been four “greats” that have coincided with this rummage sale. The first was Gregory the Great who kept the church from dividing itself completely and led the way for the next five hundred years of church history. While this first example works for Tickle’s five hundred year cycle, it could easily be argued that other events in church history were just as important, or perhaps even more important, than this example. It seems as though she decided to talk about Gregory the Great simply because he fit into her five hundred year pattern. The second period she mentions is The Great Schism in which the church split in a way because of differing theological views. The church split between the East and the West. The third was The Great Reformation in which the Protestant church was formed because of the mishandling of the church by the Catholics, which led in part to the age of enlightenment where science was exalted, but also where the Bible tended to be seen as the sole authority of Christianity. The fourth is what some are now calling The Great Emergence in which the postmodern church has clashed with the modern church. Fundamentalism is on its way out as a postmodern generation takes control of the church. While this book is very fascinating and brings up a number of different relevant issues regarding the church of today as well as the past, its author is not a trained historian and is an independent researcher. This could indicate some lack of credibility to the book. However, Tickle seems to have done at least some research and she does indeed speak words of insight and truth concerning the situation the church is facing today.

Tickle begins her book by discussing the “rummage sale” idea of how the church reconfigures itself every five hundred years or so. This reconfiguration occurs most often because of Christianity becoming established in a certain way that may not necessarily be the best way for Christianity to exist. The church becomes institutional to such an extent that the church does not know why they believe what they believe, or the beliefs of the church have come to include various ideas that are not central to the church. These beliefs can creep towards the center of the church’s core-beliefs without even being necessary to the faith at all. A number of people within the church begin to recognize that the church has come to believe in things that are not necessary to the faith, and yet many believe that these things are necessary to the faith. Those who recognize that the church has taken a hold of many unnecessary and even wrong beliefs begin to take a stand, saying what they believe to be the true and pure purpose of the church. This can cause conflicts within the church, because those who hold onto these unnecessary and even wrong beliefs truly think that these things are central to what being a Christian is all about. So the church begins to split over these certain issues.

Tickle gives examples from the past two thousand years of the different rummage sales that have taken place within the church. She shows how the most significant ones occur approximately every five hundred years and she gives the examples of Gregory the Great, The Great Schism, The Great Reformation, and then concludes that we are due for another rummage sale in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. She refers to this present rummage sale as The Great Emergence. It is interesting to note, however, that the idea of the church realigning itself every five hundred years actually goes further back than the existence of the church. Christianity emerged out of Judaism and within Judaism there is also seen this idea. The most obvious example of this would be five hundred years before Gregory the Great in the occurrence of the founding of Christianity. In this event, the Jews became split between those who were Christ-followers and those who did not believe Jesus to be the Messiah. This event concurred with the destruction of the second Jerusalem temple by the Romans. Five hundred years before these events occurred is seen the destruction of the first temple by the Babylonians which led to a new way of thinking within Judaism as portrayed in the Babylonian exile and the Second Temple period. Five hundred years before the re-alignment of thought caused by the Babylonian exile is seen the establishment of the monarchy in Israel in which Jewish theology changed in the transition from the rule of the judges to the rule of the kings. So Tickle concludes that this concept of a religious “rummage sale” is not limited to Christianity. She also points out that it was during these times before the rise of Christianity in which human thought in general began to change among other groups of people, not just those of the Judeo-Christian traditions. She uses Plato and other Greek philosophers as examples of how people across the world tend to go through five hundred year cycles where they sort through the things they believe in order to see what should be kept and what should be discarded. This transitional time period in the centuries before Christ is referred to as “The Great Transformation.” [1] Tickle’s conclusion is that all of humanity tends to readjust the way they perceive the world about every five hundred years. They examine what they believe to be true about the world, embracing that which rings true to them and throwing out whatever no longer fits. This interpretation of history, however, appears to be rather subjective in that Tickle appears to be reading her own ideas into history. Even her own theory of five hundred year cycles falls apart when she tries to apply it to humanity as a whole because when she speaks of the Greeks she acknowledges that these patterns did not follow five hundred year cycles among them.

Tickle goes on to ask the question of how The Great Emergence came into existence and concludes that the best way to go about studying The Great Emergence and how it is coming into being is by studying the last great rummage sale of the church, The Great Reformation, and how it came into existence. She then proceeds to describe how The Great Reformation came to be. She points out how during the time leading up to The Great Reformation there was a great deal of conflict already within the church. Papal authority had been split between two separate Popes – one, French and one Italian. Eventually, a third pope was added to the mix, all three warring against each other. This event and other disheartening events are what led to the reformation of the church which is most often associated with Martin Luther and his nailing of his Theses to the door of Wittenberg’s church. At this time, people were beginning to recognize that these three Popes and the church leadership as a whole were not true to the spirit of the church itself, or at least the spirit they felt the church was supposed to have. A number of people, including Martin Luther, tried to reform the church in order to bring it back to the way it was supposed to be. Enough people jumped on with this thought of reforming the church that Rome panicked and fought against them. This event is what led to the dividing split of the church between the Protestants and the Catholics. Tickle points out that something similar to this is occurring and will continue to occur within The Great Emergence of today. There are enough people today who recognize how the church is not always as it should be, and they are seeking to reform the church into the way they believe it ought to be, or the way they believe the Holy Spirit intended it to be. However, like the Catholic church of the Reformation, there are many within the church of today who believe that the church ought to continue in the way that it has the past two hundred years. These people will continue to fight and will continue to break themselves off from those others in the church who do not agree with their way of “doing church.”

One of the key battles between the Protestants and the Catholics of The Great Reformation was over authority. The Popes claimed to have ultimate authority over church beliefs and doctrine, while the Protestants established the idea of the priesthood of all believers, claiming that Scripture alone was the sole authority of the church and that all individual believers had the right to interpret Scripture personally by the guidance of the Holy Spirit. The Protestants also believed that the Pope was indeed capable of making errors. Not only were the Popes capable of this, but they had done so.

Social reformation also took place during the time of the Protestant Reformation. City-states began to emerge and feudalism began to be done away with. Tickle refers to these important changes, saying, “The processes which began and solidified in the decades surrounding the Great Reformation became our new common illusion, our new shared imagination as Westerners about how the world works and how the elements of human life are to be ordered.” [2] The way people looked at and perceived the world around them was changing during this time period, and this change is seen in the way people understood the function of the church. The Great Reformation and the changes it brought about are deeply connected with the other changes seen during this time. Tickle continues, “There is […] a very good reason why most general lectures about the Great Reformation today commence with the […] observation that as a hinge time, it was characterized by the rise of capitalism, of the middle class, of the nation-state, and finally of Protestantism.” 2 This list of ideals have come to be associated with the Christian way of life over the past couple of hundred years, as though these things that are a part of Western life are also foundationally Christian. It is against this way of thinking that the Emerging Church has come to speak. While the Catholics of the Reformation believed that the Pope had ultimate authority of the church and was infallible in what he spoke regarding Scripture, doctrine, and the church, the church of today has embraced such Western thoughts of capitalism, the middle-class, and the nation-state as though these were all Christian and necessary beliefs of the church. The Great Emergence is then a questioning of this positioning of these Western ideals as also Christian ideals. The Emerging Church is not necessarily opposed to these “ideals” at all times, but it is opposed to these “ideals” if they are imposed upon the greater Christian population. The church must not be associated with certain Western opinions which are not center to the Christian faith. Capitalism, the middle-class, the nation-state, and even Protestantism itself may not in fact be central to Christianity as it was intended to be lived. The Sola Scriptura concept of the Reformation may in fact be a limited perspective because authority may be found in other places as well.

With The Great Reformation, power also came to be associated more so with wealth and money. Those who were rich had the power. The balance of power has shifted again during this time of The Great Emergence. Money has become less of a factor as far as power is concerned. The new power of today’s world is that of information. Those who have knowledge, have power. Also, just as The Great Reformation was influenced by the technology of the time, so also The Great Emergence has been influenced by the technology of this time. The Great Reformation was able to come into being because of such inventions as Gutenberg’s movable-type printing press. The Great Emergence has been able to come into existence because of the invention of the internet and the World Wide Web. Both the printing press and the internet served as a means of drawing people together through the bond of shared knowledge. The difference is that in Gutenberg’s time, it was those who had money who could be heard by the masses. In this time of the internet, virtually everyone who wishes to be heard may be heard regardless of their economic status.

The time since The Great Reformation has been very modern in its approach to the way it perceives the world. Within The Great Emergence is the idea that modernism is not a necessary part of Christianity. Those who are in support of The Great Emergence or at least in the re-shaping of the way the church thinks about certain things tend to be more postmodern in their understanding of the way the world works. Some of the influences upon the way this generation views the world are in fact rooted in some of the ideas formed during the time of The Great Reformation. One of these contributing factors has been the founding of scientific thought and reasoning. It is ironic then that the advance of science was one of the main contributors to the re-thinking of Sola Scriptura. Charles Darwin’s writings on biological evolution and Sigmund Freud’s understandings of dreams and psychology helped to pave the way for new ways of understanding the world, the way the world works, and the ways in which people interact with the world in which they live. Tickle also says that one of the most important breakthroughs in scientific history which altered the course of church history came with Einstein and his “special theory of relativity.” It came to be recognized by the scientific community and eventually the general public that there were certain things about the universe and the way it worked that simply did not make sense or that went against the way people from a modernist perspective had tended to view the universe. Along with Einstein’s theory came Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle which stated that one may study the speed and position of something, but it becomes very difficult for one to study both the speed and the position of something at the same time. [3] The idea given was that the act of observing actually changes the thing being observed. When applied to everyday life and Christianity specifically, this idea sounds very postmodern. This is because it indicates that the truth of something depends upon the one observing, which would mean that truth could vary from person to person. With this specific application to Einstein’s special theory of relativity began to emerge the idea of relative truth and the uncertainty of everything. Many truths could in theory be possible.

Also through science came the uncovering of such documents as the Dead Sea Scrolls as well as the Quest for the Historical Jesus. Through the studies of ancient documents, the church found itself wanting to know from where its faith had come. Also, Pentecostalism came into being and influenced the church in another way. One of the ways it influenced the church was in its emphasis upon the Holy Spirit. It was believed by the Pentecostals that whatever the Holy Spirit personally said to an individual outweighed whatever Scripture said. Also, spirituality came to be emphasized in culture more than Christian spirituality in particular. Tickle points to Alcoholics Anonymous as an example of this, where recovery comes through the help of a “higher power,” and not necessarily the Christian God. Another key influencer which led culture to emerge from modernism into postmodernism was the “drug age” of the 1960 and 1970s. People who experimented with drugs were opening themselves up to new ways of viewing and experiencing the world. People began to believe in other or alternate realities.

Towards the end of her book, Tickle brings out a number of diagrams in order to show which groups of which the church of today is made up, and to show where these different groups within the church are heading and how they interact with each other. She uses research which supports the idea of the church as a whole being divided into four separate groups in a quadrilateral of sorts. These four separate groups are referred to as Liturgicals, Social Justice Christians, Renewalists, and Conservatives. [4] The Social Justice Christians were originally called “Mainline” Christians, and the Conservatives were originally known as “Fundamentalists,” but it was thought that these names were no longer reflective of the groups. [5] These different groups originally had distinct denominations contained within them. The liturgicals, for example, were mainly Roman Catholics, Anglicans, and a number of Lutherans. However, it has come to pass that these different categories are no longer limited to certain denominations. It is coming to be seen more and more that certain denominations are no longer limited to certain kinds of people. Liturgicals, Social Justice Christians, Renewalists, and Conservatives can be found in nearly every denomination. Many groups within the church have begun to join together even as many have split apart. The distinctions between many denominations have begun to blur because this generation is discovering that Christians as a whole have more similarities with each other than they do differences.

Near the close of her book, Tickle describes Emergents as people who are not afraid of paradox. [6]They are postmodern, and are opened to truths which appear to be outside of the realm of possibility. They are distrustful of meta-narratives because they are based upon “humanity’s human thinking and explaining.” 6 They believe in narrative though, because narrative is a reflection of the heart of humanity. She says that the future church as shaped by the Emergents will be one that has sought to go back to the way the church was intended to be. The church will be “de- Hellenized” and will most likely appear be something very Jewish in its origins since the original church was Jewish. She says, “[The Great Emergence] will rewrite Christian theology – and thereby North American culture – into something far more Jewish, more paradoxical, more narrative, and more mystical than anything the Church has had for the last seventeen or eighteen hundred years.” [7] Many of the beliefs that the church has had since the Reformation and even since the time of The Great Schism may be subject to change. This will all be done, however, in order to make the church purer than it is now. This will be done in order to bring the church back to the way it was originally intended to be, without the contamination of Western systems of belief.

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[1] p. 31.

[2] p. 51.

[3] p. 79.

[4] p. 126.

[5] pp. 126-7.

[6] pp. 160.

[7] pp. 162.

My Ministry Manifesto

Introduction

The way we perceive the Kingdom of Heaven informs how we practice ministry. Not only must we have sound theology when we participate in the ministry of the Kingdom, but we also must put this theology into practice. Any ministry must be lived out through the life lived by the Spirit, which means that we must maintain a right relationship with God and with those around us. If we wish to be satisfied in ministry, we must first begin with the upkeep of our own spiritual lives, both on a personal level as well as on a corporate level. Ministry should never be done alone. In one way or another, ministry is something that is shared by the community in which the same Spirit – the Spirit of Christ – dwells.

My Theological Understanding of the Life of the Kingdom

In the Via Salutis, or the Way of Salvation, we see Christ’s redemption of fallen humanity at work within us. Before we are saved, we have no desire to serve God. God speaks to us through His Holy Spirit before we are saved in an act that a number of people call prevenient grace, or grace that goes before. This means that before we were seeking God, God was seeking us. Before we were calling to Him, He was calling to us. Without this act of prevenient grace in our lives, we would not seek God. We would be left in our natural state imparted to us by our first parents, doomed to sin and death, without even understanding our need of salvation. But through His prevenient grace God calls out to us, though we may not recognize Him at first.

Salvation is a process. Many people have a difficult time knowing at what exact point they were saved. This is especially true of individuals who have grown up in Christian families and in the church. These people can often identify key points where they made significant progress in their salvation journey. It is good, especially in cases where the individual cannot remember a time in their lives when they did not believe in God or even when they weren’t a Christian, to think of salvation as something that is continuous. Salvation is not limited to one moment in time. It is a progression of one coming closer to God. In this way, salvation includes the time before the person prayed “the sinner’s prayer” when they were willingly moving towards God as well as the time afterwards when they continue to make choices that reflect their devotion to God and the guidance of the Holy Spirit in their lives.

Part of a person’s salvation process is the coming to a realization that they need to be saved. They recognize the great peril they are in and are distressed by it. Through prevenient grace, the Holy Spirit causes the individual to recognize that they need to make a choice about whether or not they are going to follow God.

We eventually come to an understanding of our need of a Savior, and we surrender our lives to Jesus in repentance so that we may be saved. God is faithful, and He saves us. This can be called the act of justification, meaning that we are no longer condemned for our sins because we have surrendered them to God through Christ and have been forgiven.

We experience justification through faith. It is not by works that we are pardoned and saved, but by faith. God makes us spotless in His sight through faith which comes by His grace working within us. We are made righteous through faith. We believe God and have faith in Him whom we cannot see directly, and God declares us to be righteous. The Bible says the same thing of Abraham. It says that “Abraham believed God and it was credited to him as righteousness” (Gen. 15:6; Rom. 4:3).

We are made new in Christ so that we no longer live for ourselves and for the sinful nature. We continue to die daily to the self and the sinful nature by the sanctifying power of the Holy Spirit through the salvation we have found in Christ. We experience regeneration.

We are made new day after day as we grow in our relationship with God. As we continue on in our now redeemed lives, we have many opportunities to turn back to the old way of living in sin. The Holy Spirit works within us letting us know what is pleasing to Him. As we go on living, the Holy Spirit reveals to us even more areas of our lives we were not aware of that we need to surrender over to Him. If we continue to surrender these areas of our lives over to God as He reveals them to us, we eventually come to the point where we decide by God’s grace that we will always surrender everything over to God – both the known as well as the unknown. We choose that we will always say “yes” to God no matter what. This point of experience is referred to by a number of people as “entire sanctification.” Sanctification is a process that continues for the rest of our lives, and even in the afterlife, where our salvation will be made complete. The apostle Paul wrote of the future day of salvation as well as the present day. In the future day of salvation, we will be made like Christ in His glory. Our selves having been restored to the people Christ created us to be. In the meantime, we must remember that Christ’s salvation is also at work in us today. Our life does not begin when we die and go to Heaven. The Kingdom of Heaven breaking into the kingdom of this world is an important element of our present faith in Christ as well as our eschatology. The way we perceive the Kingdom of Heaven informs the way we practice our ministry. Our ministries should not have the sole-goal of getting people to say the sinner’s prayer so that they can go to Heaven. There is more to Christianity than this. The mentality of getting people to "accept Jesus" so that they can go to heaven is actually off-center of what we are called to be as Christians. That view is one that is escapist. It is almost as though we were all just waiting to get into heaven because that is when life really begins. But this is not true. Life is also now, and we must live for more than an escapist feeling that all we need to do is pray so we can go to heaven. We cannot minister to people in this way. The Kingdom of Heaven is now, not just in the eschaton. We need to remember this when we evangelize people. We are not just getting them ready for Heaven. We are equipping them for life in this world as well, recognizing that Heaven starts now, not when we die.

Part of the sanctifying process is that we become the disciples of Jesus. Becoming a disciple of Jesus means more than simply being taught to do good things, though that certainly is a part of it. Discipleship involves taking on the same spirit as that of the teacher – becoming like the teacher, and exercising the same kind of authority as that of the teacher. Jesus told his disciples that they would do even greater miracles than what they had seen Him do. Christ gave the believers His own authority when He breathed on them and they received the Holy Spirit (John 20:21-2). He placed all authority that has been given to Him into the hands of his disciples (Matt. 28:18-20), and we are His disciples. We live by the same Spirit, the Holy Spirit of God Who proceeds from both the Father and the Son and who dwells within us. The filling of the Spirit and the sanctification process are parts of being a disciple.

God’s prevenient grace works in our lives before we are saved, and His sanctifying grace works in our lives once we are saved. It continues to work in us throughout our lives. When we do something that goes against God’s will, the Holy Spirit lets us know, and gives us the opportunity to surrender this part of our lives back to God. God’s saving grace is present in the act of salvation. However, God’s saving grace is also present both before and after salvation. It is what makes both prevenient and sanctifying grace possible.

My Understanding of Core Values for Ministry

Our central goal in ministry is to always place God first in our lives. This is the most important thing we can do. Before we can minister to others, we must love God with all of our heart, soul, mind, and strength (Deut. 6:5; Matt. 22:37; Mark 12:30; Luke 10:27). In order to be successful ministers we must maintain a daily devotional life and be consistent in prayer. As a couple engaged in ministry together we must also continue to set aside regular times to pray together, for each other and our ministry.

Another goal in our ministry is to love people and to minister to them. The second most important part of ministry is to love our neighbor (Lev. 19:18; Matt. 19:19; 22:39; Mark. 12:31; Luke 10:27; Rom. 13:9; Gal. 5:14). We must reach out to those in need around us regardless of their ethnic background, lifestyle, or religious beliefs. We must learn to see people as Jesus would and to treat everyone we meet with the love of Jesus. We must be imitators of God in our life and conduct, remembering that it was God’s kindness that led us to repentance (Rom. 2:4). We must serve both the physical as well as the spiritual needs of the people we encounter. Jesus came not only to redeem the spiritual aspect of mankind, but the physical aspect as well. The physical and the spiritual are deeply connected. When we minister to someone, we minister to the whole person.

In ministry, we must be ready to develop disciples. We must realize that any ministry we are a part of does not depend on us, it is God’s work; therefore, any ministry we start or obtain should not end when we move on to a different assignment. We must train up other people to minister as we have done and to minister in whatever way they feel God is calling them to serve. We are not to make carbon copies of ourselves. We must invest in the gifts and strengths of others and let them use them to the best of their abilities without forcing our own particular interests upon them. We must also be willing to work as a team and in community, both with each other as well as with other ministers of Christ. We must also allow other people to minister to our needs and not allow ourselves to think that we can do it all on our own. We must be willing to accept gifts and generosity from others. In a very real way, refusing to accept gifts from others as a way of showing your unworthiness is actually an arrogant response. It sends a message that you do not need or want anyone but yourself.

My Succinct Summary of the Gospel

As a result of the original sin of Adam and Eve, all of mankind is fallen. Not only do we carry the burden of Adam and Eve’s original sin, but we also carry the weight of our own personal sins. Adam and Eve also serve as types of who we are as people – people who have been separated from God through rebellion. By our fallen nature, we are prone to depravity, meaning that all who have been given the opportunity to choose between what is right and what is wrong have chosen the wrong over the right. Our sin means that we are no longer in a right relationship with God. We are separated from Him (before salvation) and stand condemned to die in our sins and then be separated from God for eternity in hell. In order to restore a right relationship with us, God sent His only Son into the world to die for us and pay the penalty that our sins deserved. Because of Christ’s sacrifice, we can now enter into a right relationship with God. Our burden of guilt is removed. We can be set free from the works of the devil in our lives. God assumed human form, taking on the role of servant. What He assumed, He redeemed. He became mortal so that we might become immortal. He died so that those of us who die will be saved. He lowered Himself to the lowest reaches of human experience so that the lowest reaches of human experience might be redeemed. We are called to be imitators of Christ, filled with His Spirit.

Ministry Vision

We must keep in mind our mission statement – to love God, to love people, to make disciples – essentially, to bring Heaven to earth. We must maintain a daily devotional life and be consistent in prayer. We must take part in the fellowship of believers, ministering and being ministered to. We must find the correct spiritual disciplines for us to practice on a personal level in order to draw closer to God and to hear His voice more clearly. The spiritual disciplines are not to be seen as something to be feared or as a way of earning favor with God. They are to be seen as one of the ways we are able to better connect with God and be in tune with His Spirit. [1]

We must not be distracted by abstract scenarios based on how we think our lives ought to be lived in a sort of Jesus-mindset. We must instead learn what Jesus actually did in his own life-situation. When we do so, we learn that Jesus was a rabbi. He knew the entire Hebrew Scriptures by heart, and he had learned this through intense studying and memorizing since he was a child. One of the first things we must do if we truly wish to be like Jesus is to study the Scriptures and to know them and the message of God within them in our hearts.

Jesus fasted, and through the act of fasting one can see how Jesus was strengthened by this. Instead of relying on food to feed ones appetite, when fasting one is forced into recognizing a hunger within them of a different sort – a spiritual hunger. When this spiritual hunger is recognized and fed, then one has the ability to endure temptation and be victorious. Worship is both personal and corporate. Jesus also practiced the discipline of solitude. This was not just during his forty day fast in the wilderness where he was tempted by the devil. Jesus is also seen practicing solitude with prayer during His actual ministry. Jesus is recorded as having gone off into the hills by Himself away from all of the crowds and commotion in order to pray and to be alone with God. This was beneficial to Him and may be beneficial to the Christian in their walk. This is especially true for those involved in ministry. While we need to spend alone time worshiping God, we also need to take part in worship services with others, with those to whom we will minister and with those who will minister to us.

We must learn to see people as Jesus would and to treat everyone we meet with the love of Jesus. We must reach out to those in need around us regardless of their ethnic background, lifestyle, or religious beliefs. We must serve both the physical as well as the spiritual needs of the people we encounter. We must be able to preach and teach the word of God in a way that people can understand. We must be able to relate to those to whom we minister on a personal level and not be disconnected from them. We must speak truth into their lives, and we can do this best by knowing them on a personal level. We must be friends with those we minister to, not only speaking the truth of God to them with our words, but demonstrating the attitude of Christ in our life and actions. We must minister to all people: the poor, the rich; the well, the sick; the mentally challenged, the intellectually brilliant; the beautiful, the ugly; the evil, the righteous.

As we lead people into right relationship with Christ, we must keep in mind that conversion is a process that last a person’s entire life. We tend to think of conversion as being at a specific point in time, and while it is helpful to look back and take notice of pivotal points in one’s own salvation journey, we must also keep in mind that our faith is something that grows and develops as we grow closer to God. It should never be stagnant. In ministry, we must remember that getting people to pray the sinner’s prayer is not adequate. While it is good and is an important part of the conversion experience, it is not all there is. Conversion should not be viewed through a linear perspective where at one point one becomes converted. The conversion process is one in which an individual makes many steps in coming closer to Christ.[2] A conversion is not complete after “the second blessing” either. It is moving toward completeness. We must train up people in the faith and the knowledge of God, teaching them what God expects and showing them by example the life lived by the power of the Spirit. We must train up other people to minister as we have done and to minister in whatever way they feel God is calling them to serve. We must also be willing to work as a team and in community, both with each other as well as with other ministers of Christ. We must teach them salvation through Christ as revealed in the Bible, and the life of the Spirit.

Conclusion

Within our ministry, we must always seek to maintain the mind of Christ within us. Just as Christ made time to study the Scriptures thoroughly, we must also take the Scriptures to heart and know them. Just as Christ did not discriminate in those to whom He ministered, reaching out to both the rich and the poor, we must also do the same, recognizing that it is not those who are well who have need of a doctor (Matt. 9:12; Mark 2:17; Luke 5:31). God reaches out to all people. Also, just as Christ took time to practice the spiritual disciplines, we must also do the same, being renewed in mind and spirit through prayer, self-examination, meditation, fasting, silence, and solitude, among others. We must recognize that while we are Christ’s ambassadors, we are not superheroes. We can do nothing without Christ, and we will not truly display the life of the Kingdom if we do not share the responsibilities of our ministries with those in the community of believers who are equipped to partake in the ministry we share. God has not called us to be isolated in life or in ministry. The life of the Kingdom and in ministry is one lived in community.

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[1] Willard, Dallas. The Spirit of the Disciplines: Understanding How God Changes Lives. Harper Collins Publishers: New York. 1988. 265 pages.

[2] Smith, Gordon T. Beginning Well: Christian Conversion and Authentic Transformation. InterVarsity Press: Downers Grove, IL. 2001. 233 pages.

The Primary Tasks of the Pastor

Why must pastoral care be expressed through the primary tasks of preaching, administration and equipping the laity? Within the demands of pastoral care are three primary tasks – preaching, administration, and equipping the laity. All of these responsibilities are important aspects of the role of pastor and all three should not be overlooked or sidestepped. The pastor must not neglect his or her job. Within these three responsibilities is seen the three pastoral roles which were covered in Dr. Leth’s Theology of Ministry course. The three roles of the pastor that were related to us are those of Prophet, Priest, and King. All three of these roles have a Scriptural basis in that all three of these roles are seen in the figure of Christ. The pastor is the representative of Christ to the congregation, so it would make sense that the pastor would have these same three offices that are seen in Christ. The three primary tasks of pastoral care may be recognized within the context of these three pastoral roles – Prophet, Priest, and King.

The Prophetic role of pastoral ministry is best displayed in the act of preaching. Those who are gifted in a prophetic way are skilled in relaying information and the truths of the Gospel in a way that will resonate with the hearers. They can speak in a way that will inspire those who listen. They are gifted in their usage of words, knowing how to simplify something in order to make it easy to understand, and knowing how extrapolate what has already been said in a way that cause the hearer to get a glimpse of the bigger picture. The Prophet is a visionary, a dreamer; one who motivates, captivates, and challenges the hearer. The prophetic role of the pastor may be seen in the preaching of the pastor, which is one of the three primary tasks of pastoral care. The prophetic role may come across in other ways as well, such as in writing, music, or the visual arts. However, not all pastors are gifted in these particular ways. Most pastors, though, do preach. This is one of the pastor’s primary tasks.

The priestly role of the pastor may be seen in the way the pastor interacts on a personal level with the congregation. It is seen in the development of relationships. The pastor must be friend to his people. Also, it is only through personal interaction with the people, as opposed to simply preaching various messages from the pulpit, that the pastor will be able to train the people and give them proper guidance and instruction. When the people listen to the sermons given from the pulpit on a Sunday morning they are only receiving part of their proper training in the faith. In order to fully equip the congregation, the pastor must invest in the lives of his or her people. The pastor must be willing to sit with them, eat with them, laugh with them, grieve with them, converse with them; listening to the wisdom that they may have to share with them as well as sharing with them at the proper times the wisdom which God has given them in the pastoral role. When the pastor properly equips the laity it must be done in such a way that is communal. The pastor must be available to his or her people. The pastor must be willing to listen to their questions as well as giving them answers to those questions. The pastor must work with the people as they wrestle through whatever questions they may have and labor with them as they make their way to the conclusions to which they will come, pointing them in the right direction the whole time and bringing them to a place where they can discern what is the will of God themselves within the context of community. Of course, there are always those within the congregation who tend to not interact with others in the church all that often. For the most part, their involvement with the church is limited to their participation in the Sunday morning worship service. It is difficult for the pastor to equip these particular people in an efficient way. One has to remember that while equipping the laity is the pastor’s responsibility, it is also the responsibility of the people in the church to take some action in that they must be willing to be equipped and to learn and to grow. For those within the congregation who only attend church services on Sunday morning and who are less likely to be actively involved in the church, the preaching responsibility of the pastor is important. The sermon that the pastor preaches on Sunday morning may in fact be the only spiritual direction that these people receive during the week. So it is important that the pastor preaches for this reason as well. Not all people wish to interact on a personal level with the pastor or they find it easier to listen to the pastor preach rather than having an actual conversation with the pastor himself.

The third role seen within the responsibilities of the pastor is the role of administrator. The pastor must practice administration within his or her ministry. The role of administration is a reflection of the role of King within the three roles of the pastor. Administration is something that I would not consider to be one of my own personal strong points as far as the three roles of the pastor are concerned. I know that there are many pastors who feel this way as well. However, we must all remember that administration is a very important part of the pastor’s responsibilities. The administrative role must not be given to someone else in the church. While others may indeed help with administration the pastor must not give up his right and his obligation to lead the church in this way. It would not be right for him to hand over this responsibility to someone else. It is definitely a good thing, however, for the pastor to delegate responsibilities to other people, but this must be done without handing over the complete authority of his office and the administrative responsibilities in which he must necessarily participate over to someone else to take care of.

On Pastoral Authority...

The authority under which the pastor ministers is the authority that God has given the pastor. The pastor has the authority to do what he or she does because God has chosen him or her to serve in this way. Pastoring is not a task that everyone in the church is given. One must have a specific calling from God if they choose to become a pastor. God has chosen them to be His representative. In a very real way, when the pastor “shows up” to something, those who are there in that particular circumstance feel as though God Himself has shown up. This is not entirely inaccurate since the pastor does carry or at least ought to be carrying the Spirit of Christ within his or herself. While it would be inappropriate for the pastor to think of themselves as God or some kind of deity, it is appropriate for the pastor to remember that whatever the observing people see in his or her life affects how they view God. While it would be nice to assume that most people see the pastor as an ordinary human being who makes mistakes just like everyone else, the reality is that the pastor represents God to the people in a very unordinary way. While all saints are to represent Christ, the pastor is held in a way to a different standard. The pastor is entrusted with more of “the things of God” than the average Christian. The lay recognize this and correctly see that the pastor is to be looked up to more so in matters of faith than the average Christian. It was by the choice of God that some would be called into pastoral ministry, and in this calling to be His “mouthpiece.” While the church as a whole decides to whom they give the title of pastor through differing yet similar means within denominations, it is not the church that gives the true calling. While the church has the authority to give authorization to those seeking to become pastors, it is God who has given this authority to the church, and it is God who gives the authority to each individual who has been called into pastoral ministry.

The "Good Old Days" of the Church

It is a mistake to yearn for “the good old days” of the church as recorded in the New Testament because the church that is present today is just as good or bad as the church of that time. The church of today is not all that different from the church that existed back then. As Ecclesiastes says, “There is nothing new under the sun,” and also, “Do not say, ‘Why were the old days better than these?’ For it is not wise to ask such questions.” If one were to actually study what the New Testament records about the early church they would recognize that the early church did not always have things altogether. There were people in the church back then who were as “messed up” as some of the people in the church of today. For example, Luke records in the book Acts on the death of Ananias and Sapphira who had willingly lied to the Holy Spirit in the presence of the church. Another example in the book of Acts of how the church was not necessarily always on top of things is that of the food distribution among the Greek and the Jewish widows. While this possible discrimination was not likely a willful act on the part of the church and the church did correct this issue when it was brought to its attention, this is still an example of how the church of yesteryear is not something that the church of today should attempt to wholly replicate in every aspect. Also, within a study of the church as portrayed in the New Testament writings, one must recognize the very backwards nature of the church in Corinth to whom Paul ministered. While one must take into consideration all of these negative aspects of the church of the past, one must also admit to the numerous admirable qualities of that church. The New Testament authors write of a church in which the Spirit of Christ was present. That same Spirit is within the church of today. The New Testament records amazing miracles and healings as well as radical evangelism. It is incorrect (and very “modernist” in reasoning) to assume that simply because one does not see things like this happening in the church today that they do not in fact happen at all anymore. This is simply not the case. Miracles, signs, and wonders still accompany the church of today. This is especially seen in the continents of Africa and Asia, but the truth is that these things happen in America as well. My guess as to why many within the church of America do not witness miracles is because they do not believe in them. The church of today is just as good or as bad as the church that is pictured in the New Testament. When people put too much focus upon the style that was appropriate for the New Testament setting believing that church should be done in exactly that same way today, they begin to lose sight of the church itself and how it should exist in today’s settings.

The Necessity of the Church for Salvation

The church is indeed a necessary part of salvation. God reveals Himself in the person of Christ, Christ reveals Himself through the church, and the church reveals Christ to the world. In order for someone to “access” God they must in one way or another go through the church. While it is possible, hypothetically speaking, for someone to be saved apart from the church, this is not the way God has chosen to bring about the salvation of the world. Hypothetically speaking, a person could be trapped on a deserted island and come across a copy of the Bible and find the way of salvation written in its pages, but even then one must remember that the gospels and letters of the New Testament that explain clearly the way of salvation were canonized by none other than the church. The Holy Spirit was of course present and influencing these church leaders, but He still chose to use the church. More often than not, people “find” God not through a careful study of the Scriptures on their own, but rather through seeing the character and peace of Christ on display within someone with whom they are friends or with whom they interact in one way or another. The church is to be understood as the body of Christ, which means that the church is the physical element or the Christ that the world sees which either draws people in or turns them away. Also, the salvation process is one that is meant to involve community. Salvation is not an individualistic matter.

The Perfection of the Church

Something to keep in mind regarding the authenticity of the church within the context of her imperfections is that while the church exists she is also in a very real sense coming into existence. The church is complete and yet incomplete. The church in her present form is capable of fulfilling God’s purpose for her. However, the church also has a future purpose for which she strives to attain. In that sense, the church will never be complete or perfect until she becomes fully united with Christ. However, completeness or perfection need not be measured by a standard that is only applicable for the future. The church as she is now may be seen as perfect in the midst of her imperfections. While there are many throughout history and up to the present time who have misused the church and used her as a platform for their own agenda, this does not extinguish absolutely the fact that the church has also been made up of many people who have given themselves whole-heartedly to serving Christ and those made in the image of Christ.

To put this symbolically, the church is the body of Christ, and if a form of cancer or a tumor or some sort of disease infects the body, the imperfection must be removed. However, in the removal of the disease, the rest of the body is not done away with – at least of course, every effort must be made in order to save what remains good within the body. Similarly, when an imperfection arises within the church, the imperfection should be removed or made to be in alignment with the perfect rather than issuing the removal of the entire body. So while, imperfections do exist within the church, the church is indeed a valid institution that will never be destroyed. The church has an eschatological hope that says that all that is imperfect will one day be removed, leaving only the perfect. So in a very real sense, the church may actually be viewed correctly as being perfect. She is perfect because she serves her purpose. She may have not reached the pinnacle of her perfection, but she is perfect. The fullness of her perfection will be made complete through Christ in the event of the eschaton.

In the meantime, there are many problems that still exist within the ministry of the church. There are many examples of this, from priests who sexually abuse children, to a church in Kansas that wishes death upon soldiers and homosexuals; from the crusades, to Hitler’s use of the church to support his creation of the Aryan race and the extermination of the Jews among other people groups. While these unfortunate and sinful acts are a part of the church’s history, one must call to mind the parable spoken by Jesus in Matthew chapter thirteen in which he stated that there was a farmer who planted his seed, but an enemy came and scattered weeds among his crops. The servants were instructed to let the weeds grow up alongside the wheat for fear that if all of the weeds were uprooted while the wheat was still growing, then the entire crop would be pulled up and destroyed. At harvest time, both the wheat and the weeds will be taken up and sorted. This parable may be applied to the church in that one may recognize how the church with all its imperfections will one day be rid of its imperfections. It was not the will of God that the church should appear distorted to the world because of the influence of evil upon her, attempting to overtake her, but that is the way things are at present. God is still using the church to bring His presence into the world. The church is the manifestation of God Himself in the present time.

This brings us to another point. The church remains authentic in spite of her imperfections because the church was God’s idea. It is God who has established the authority of the church to be made into His image and to reflect His own nature to the world. The mission of the church remains the same: to reconcile humanity with God. While many like to point out the hypocrisy of people within the church and while it is a shame that hypocrisy exists within the church, one way of looking at the church’s imperfections is to point out that it was the will of God to display His own nature within humankind. This would include the very raw and very earthy aspects of humanity. God chose to reveal Himself in the person of Jesus Christ, and the church is now considered to be the body of Christ. So while people within the organization of the church do not always measure up to the standard of Christ, they still may maintain the image of Christ, who was the image of God in the flesh. I do not say this in order to excuse sin, but rather to show that it was God’s good will to make His dwelling within us, within people with physical bodies who have been tainted by sin. The best way to view “hypocrites” within the church is to realize how wonderful the grace of God is that He would desire to have people as bent and twisted as these to be a part of His church.

The church is the bride of Christ. Something that has resonated with me is, ironically enough, something that Dr. Quanstrom has occasionally spoken of in his time serving at College Church. He has said that the church is the bride of Christ, and that we ought to speak of the church as though she truly were the bride of Christ. We ought not to speak of someone’s bride in a negative and critical way. It is a nasty tendency and in poor taste for someone to go around uttering criticisms against someone else’s wife, and yet people speak many ill-words against the church, who is the bride of Christ. A groom ought to be angry if he overheard someone speaking poorly of his bride. In the same way, Christ, it would seem, would also be angry to hear someone slandering His bride. Dr. Quanstrom said that to the groom, the bride is never ugly. This is another example of how the church remains authentic regardless of her imperfections because it is God who makes her authentic.