Sin, Faith, Duty (17:1-10)
Worthless slaves (17:7-10) unique to Luke’s Gospel
Jesus says to his disciples that things that cause people to sin are inevitable, but the person who causes others to sin is cursed and better off at the bottom of the sea with a millstone around his neck.
Jesus also tells his disciples that they should forgive the person who sins against them – even if that person sins and repents again seven times in one day.
The disciples want more faith, but Jesus tells them that even the smallest amount of faith – the size of a mustard seed – is enough to make a huge mulberry bush get up throw itself into the sea.
He then tells them a parable about servants who simply go about their daily business shouldn’t expect to receive a thank you.
This parable suggests that "even the best of God's servants are still unworthy because they have only done their duty and no more." Nobody, "no matter how virtuous or hardworking, can ever put God in his or her debt."
Jesus Heals Ten Men With Leprosy (17:11-19)
Healing of ten lepers (17:11-19) unique to Luke’s Gospel
Luke then reiterates the fact that Jesus is on His way to Jerusalem and proceeds to tell a story about Jesus healing ten lepers, with only the Samaritan leper coming back to thank Him. In this way, Luke again places the hated Samaritans in a favorable light.
The Coming of the Kingdom of God (17:20-37)
The Pharisees want to know when the Kingdom of God will come.
Jesus tells them that the Kingdom isn’t something that you need to wait for or go out looking for – the Kingdom is happening right here in front of you.
Jesus then makes a distinction between “The Kingdom of God” and “The Day of the Son of Man” – which is what the Pharisees were actually interested in.
He tells his disciples that one day they will long to see the Day of the Son of Man, but it won’t be for them to see.
They’re not going to get to see the lightning show of the future, but instead will get to see the Son of Man suffering and rejected in the present.
He says that the Day of the Son of Man will be a terrible day of judgment – just like Noah’s flood and Sodom’s destruction. No one should stick around and watch (like Lot’s wife did) – they should run for their lives.
Kingdom in midst of you (17:20-21) unique to Luke’s Gospel
Example of judgment on Sodom, Lot’s wife (17:28-32) unique to Luke’s Gospel
The Parable of the Persistent Widow (18:1-8)
Unjust judge (18:1-8) unique to Luke’s Gospel
Jesus tells a parable about an atheistic and apathetic judge who is repeatedly approached by a poor widow, seeking justice. Initially rejecting her demands, he eventually honors her request so he will not be worn out by her persistence.
This parable demonstrates the importance of persistence in prayer, never giving up.
But Jesus ends the story with a question, wondering if when he comes back he’ll find anyone who still has any faith.
The Parable of the Pharisee and the Tax Collector (18:9-14)
Pharisee and tax-collector (18:9-14) unique to Luke’s Gospel
Jesus then contrasts a Pharisee, obsessed by his own virtue, with a tax collector who humbly asks God for mercy.
The Pharisee goes above and beyond, fasting more often than was required, and giving a tithe on all he receives, even in cases where the religious rules did not require it. Confident in his religiosity, the Pharisee asks God for nothing, and thus receives nothing.
The parable does not condemn the tax collector’s questionable occupation, but describes the him as one who "recognizes his state of unworthiness before God and confesses his need for reconciliation." Coming to God in humility, he receives the mercy and reconciliation he asks for.
The Little Children and Jesus (18:15-17)
Covered more thoroughly in Mark 10:13-16
The Rich and the Kingdom of God (18:18-30)
Covered more thoroughly in Matthew 19:16-30
The Jerusalem Ministry: Jesus’ Challenge to the Holy City (18:31–21:38)
Jesus Predicts His Death a Third Time (18:31-34)
Covered more thoroughly in Matthew 20:17-19
A Blind Beggar Receives His Sight (18:35-43)
Covered more thoroughly in Mark 10:46-52
Zacchaeus the Tax Collector (19:1-10)
Zacchaeus (19:1-10) unique to Luke’s Gospel
Zacchaeus arrived before the crowd who were later to meet with Jesus, who was passing through Jericho on his way to Jerusalem.
Described as a short man, Zacchaeus climbed up a sycamore fig tree so that he might be able to see Jesus.
When Jesus reached the spot he looked up into the branches, addressed Zacchaeus by name, and told him to come down, for he intended to visit his house.
The crowd was shocked that Jesus, a Jew, would sully himself by being a guest of a tax collector.
Moved by the audacity of Jesus' undeserved love and acceptance, Zacchaeus publicly repented acts of corruption and vowed to make restitution for them, and held a feast at his house.
The story of Zacchaeus is used by some to illustrate the saying of Jesus: "Blessed are the pure of heart, For they shall see God" (Matthew 5:8), because the name Zacchaeus means pure.
Zacchaeus also becomes a contrast of character with the Rich Young Ruler (Luke 18:18-23). Both Zacchaeus and the Rich Young Ruler were wealthy men, but one felt a self-righteousness and would not give up his possessions, the other gave half his possessions to feed the poor
The Parable of the Ten Minas (19:11-27)
Parable of the minas (19:11-27) unique to Luke’s Gospel, but similar to parable of talents in Mark 25:13-30
The parable tells of a prince who was leaving his home to be appointed king, and before going entrusted his property (10 minas) to his ten servants.
But his subjects hated him and sent a delegation after to protest his being made king.
After having been made king and returning home, the master asks his servants for an accounting.
The first two servants explain that they have each put their money to work and have multiplied the value of the property they were entrusted with, and so they are each rewarded.
Another servant, however, has merely hidden his mina in a cloth somewhere, and he is punished.
The master takes his mina back and gives to the first guy who had multiplied the value of his mina by ten.
The others protest saying this isn’t fair because he already has ten and doesn’t need an eleventh.
But the master says, “‘I tell you that to everyone who has, more will be given, but as for the one who has nothing, even what they have will be taken away.”
Then he makes an example of the people who had protested his kingship and has them dragged in and killed.
This parable mirrored actual events that occurred during the reign of Herod Archelaus. While he visited Rome in an attempt to gain more power in Israel, a group of Jews revolted and sent a delegation to protest Archelaus’ reign. When he returned from Rome, Archelaus brutally killed the rebels and their families.
Jesus Comes to Jerusalem as King (19:28-44)
Lament over Jerusalem (19:39-44) unique to Luke’s Gospel
Before entering Jerusalem, Jesus was staying at Bethany and Bethphage, (John 12:1 states that he was in Bethany six days before Passover.)
While there, Jesus sent two disciples to the village, in order to retrieve a donkey that had been tied up but never been ridden, and to say, if questioned, that the donkey was needed by the Lord (or Master) but would be returned.
Jesus then rode the donkey into Jerusalem, with Luke stating that the disciples had first put their cloaks on it, so as to make it more comfortable.
As Jesus approaches Jerusalem, he looks at the city and weeps over it, foretelling the suffering that awaits the city.
Jesus rode into Jerusalem, and the people there lay down their cloaks in front of him.
The people sang part of Psalm 118: 25-26: Blessed is He who comes in the name of the Lord. We bless you from the house of the Lord…
Jesus at the Temple (19:45-48)
Covered more thoroughly in Matthew 21:12-17
The Authority of Jesus Questioned (20:1-8)
Covered more thoroughly in Matthew 21:23-27
The Parable of the Tenants (20:9-19)
Covered more thoroughly in Matthew 21:33-46
Paying Tribute to Caesar (20:20-26)
They send spies to him to ask him leading questions in order to try to get him in trouble with the Romans.
The spies ask him, “Should we pay tribute to Caesar or not?”
Jesus in turn traps them and says, “Who’s got a coin?”
They produce a coin, and in doing so are admitting what they already think of this issue - because if they were truly religious they wouldn’t have brought a coin with Caesar’s image and with the inscription “the worshiped son of a worshiped God” on it around with them into the Temple.
Jesus points to both the image and the inscription on the coin, asking to whom the belong.
They respond, “To Caesar.”
And he says, “Then give back to Caesar what is Caesar’s and give back to God what is God’s.”
Dr. Ray Vander Laan on paying tribute to Caesar…
Watch 1:07 – 7:07
The Resurrection and Marriage (20:27-40)
Then the Sadducees show up and tell Jesus a story about a woman was widowed seven times before she died.
They ask him who she will be married to at the Resurrection… even though they themselves thought that the Resurrection was hokum.
Jesus tells them that they don’t know what they’re talking about. People don’t bother with marriage after they’ve been resurrected. They are God’s children.
Then he reminds them of their own scriptures, where God spoke to Moses from the burning bush, saying, “I am the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.”
He says, “God is not the God of the dead, but of the living.” So why would God claim to be worshiped by those long dead if there were no resurrection?
And the Sadducees were dumbstruck.
Whose Son Is the Messiah? (20:41-44)
Covered more thoroughly in Matthew 22:41-46
Warning Against the Teachers of the Law (20:45-47)
Covered more thoroughly in Matthew 23:1-39
The Widow’s Offering (21:1-4)
Covered more thoroughly in Mark 12:41-44
The Destruction of the Temple and Signs of the End Times (21:5-38)
Covered more thoroughly in Matthew 24:1-51
Warning at end of Olivet discourse (21:34-36) unique to Luke’s Gospel
Summary of days in Jerusalem (21:37-38) unique to Luke’s Gospel
The Final Conflict and Passion Story (22:1–23:56)
Judas Agrees to Betray Jesus (22:1-6)
Luke says that while the priests and Torah-teachers were looking for a way to kill Jesus, Satan entered into one of Jesus’ own disciples, Judas Iscariot, and he went to them and agreed to look for a way to have Jesus arrested when no crowd was around in exchange for some money.
The Last Supper (22:7-23)
Eating Passover before suffering (22:15-16) unique to Luke’s Gospel
Jesus tells Peter and John into town and follow a man carrying a water jar, and to ask him to show them his guest room that “The Master” may eat the Passover there with his disciples.
Peter and John do so and are led to a room where they prepare the Passover meal.
At night, during the meal, Jesus tells his disciples that he has been looking forward to sharing this meal with them, and that he will not eat another Passover meal again until the promise of the Passover is fulfilled.
He shares a cup of wine with them and tells them that he will not drink it again until the kingdom of God comes
Then he breaks the bread and distributes it, saying, “This is my body given for you; do this in remembrance of me.”
After the meal, he takes another cup of wine and says, “This cup is the new covenant in my blood, which is poured out for you.”
Dr. Ray Vander Laan on the marriage cup…
Watch 6:25–12:45
When it was time for a man and woman to marry, both fathers would negotiate the bride price, recognizing that the bride would be a precious loss to her family.
Taking a cup of wine, the groom drank from it and offered it to the woman, symbolically saying that he wanted to make a covenant and would be willing to give his life for her. The woman sealed the engagement by drinking from the same glass.
Jesus made this comparison especially clear during the Last Supper. Taking a cup of wine in his hands, he told his disciples, “This cup is the new covenant in my blood, which is poured out for you.”
No doubt his disciples immediately recognized the imagery of a marriage proposal. And they were able to picture the depths of Jesus’ love — a love so deep that Jesus made a covenant with them and was willing to give his life for them.
By using marriage imagery, Jesus said, in effect, “I love you as my bride, so I’ll pay the bride price. I’ll give up my life for you and to go my Father’s house to prepare a place for you. And one day I will return and take you to be with me forever.”
Jesus also tells them that the hand of the one who will betray him is resting on this same table with his hand.
Jesus says that it has been decreed that the Son of Man must go, but woe to the man who betrays him!
The disciples all wonder who he is talking about.
Jesus Prays on the Mount of Olives (22:24-46)
At this point in the narrative, Luke mentions that the disciples had argued about which one of them was the greatest, which is something that Mark and Matthew talked about at a much earlier point in their Gospels.
But Jesus tells them not to behave like the Gentile kings who oppress their subjects while referring to themselves as benefactors.
He says that greatest must be like the youngest and the ruler like the servant.
Jesus says that he has set an example for them as they are his closest friends of how to be a servant.
He tells them that he is giving them the Kingdom that God has given him and they will rule on twelve thrones.
But then he says to Peter that Satan has asked to destroy them, but he says that he has prayed especially for Peter so that once he has turned back he may encourage the others.
Peter declares that he’s ready to go to prison and to death for Jesus!
But Jesus says, “I tell you, Peter, before the rooster crows today, you will deny three times that you know me.”
Jesus then says that they must be prepared for he journey ahead of them, because it is not like when he sent them out before. He says that he is about to fulfill the prophesy of Isaiah who said, “He will be numbered with the transgressors.”
The disciples get distracted by Jesus’ mentioning of carrying a sword around for protection on this new mission, so they interrupt and say, “Hey! We’ve got two swords!”
Jesus is like, “Well, that’s enough of that!”
The two swords (22:35-38) unique to Luke’s Gospel
Jesus then takes them to the Mount of Olives and he tells them to pray that they will not fall to temptation.
He goes and prays by himself, saying, “Father, if you are willing, take this cup from me; yet not my will, but yours be done.”
Luke says that an angel appeared to hive and gave him strength.
Luke also says that after continuing to pray with so much anguish, his sweat became like drops of blood falling to the ground.
When Jesus is done, he goes back and finds the disciples asleep.
He tells them again to get up and pray so they won’t fall to temptation.
Jesus Arrested (22:47-53)
But as Jesus is speaking, Judas shows up with a mob behind him.
Luke presents a slightly different picture here than Matthew and Mark: Jesus sees Judas coming, and stops him by asking: “Judas, are you betraying the son of man with a kiss?” The kiss is apparently not delivered at all.
Having been identified, the officers arrested Jesus, although one of Jesus' disciples thought to stop them with a sword, but cut off the ear of one of the arresting officers. The Gospel of John specifies that it had been Simon Peter who had cut off the ear of Malchus, the servant of Caiaphas, the high priest. Luke adds that Jesus healed the wound. John, Matthew, and Luke state that Jesus criticized the violent act, insisting that they do not resist Jesus' arrest. In Matthew, Jesus made the well known statement “all who live by the sword, shall die by the sword.”
Jesus says to the religious leaders, “Am I leading a rebellion, that you have come with swords and clubs? Every day I was with you in the temple courts, and you did not lay a hand on me. But this is your hour—when darkness reigns.”
Peter Disowns Jesus (22:54-62)
Jesus is arrested and taken to the house of the high priest.
Peter follows at a distance and sits by a fire in the courtyard.
A servant girl sees his face in the firelight and accuses him of being one of Jesus’ disciples, but he denies it.
Later someone else says the same thing and he again denies it.
About an hour later someone points out that he is a Galilean so he must be one of Jesus’ followers.
Peter yells, “I don’t know what you’re talking about!”
Just then, the rooster crowed and Jesus turned and looked over at him.
Then Peter remembered what Jesus had said and he went outside and wept bitterly.
The Guards Mock Jesus (22:63-65)
The men who were guarding Jesus began mocking and beating him.
They blindfolded him and demanded, “Prophesy! Who hit you?”
And they said many other insulting things to him.
Jesus Before Pilate and Herod (22:66–23:25)
At sunrise, the Sanhedrin finally convenes and they ask him if he is the Messiah.
He says, “you said it.” and they take him away to Pilate, where they accuse him of subversion, not paying tribute to Caesar, and claiming to be the Messiah.
Accused of forbidding paying tax to Caesar, Pilate’s first declaration of innocence (23:2,4-5) unique to Luke’s Gospel
Pilate finds that Jesus, being from Galilee, belonged to Herod Antipas' jurisdiction, and so he decides to send Jesus to Herod.
Jesus before Herod (23:6-12) unique to Luke’s Gospel
After questioning Jesus and receiving very few replies, a disappointed Herod (who had hoped to see some miracle) sees Jesus as no threat and returns him to Pilate wearing an elegant robe.
Luke says that after this event, Herod and Pilate stopped being enemies and became friends.
Pilate says he will punish Jesus and release him since his crimes are negligible, but the crowd demands that Jesus be killed.
He pleads with the people two more times before giving into their demand to have Jesus crucified in the place of a known terrorist and murderer being kept in the prison named Jesus Barabbas.
Pilate’s second declaration of innocence (23:13-16) unique to Luke’s Gospel
The Crucifixion of Jesus (23:26-43)
The soldiers lead Jesus away and grab some guy named Simon who was from the north African city of Cyrene and they force him to carry the cross for Jesus.
Luke's also describes an interaction between Jesus and the women among the crowd of mourners following him, quoting Jesus as saying, "Daughters of Jerusalem, do not weep for me, but weep for yourselves and for your children. For behold, the days are coming when they will say, 'Blessed are the barren and the wombs that never bore and the breasts that never nursed!' Then they will begin to say to the mountains, 'Fall on us,' and to the hills, 'Cover us.' For if they do these things when the wood is green, what will happen when it is dry?"
The Gospel of Luke has Jesus address these women as "daughters of Jerusalem", thus distinguishing them from the women whom the same gospel describes as "the women who had followed him from Galilee" and who were present at his crucifixion.
Daughters of Jerusalem weeping (23:27-31) unique to Luke’s Gospel
Jesus is taken to the Place of the Skull and crucified with two other criminals, one on his right and the other on his left.
The rulers, the soldiers, the people, and even the criminal next to him all mock him.
One criminal, however, rebukes the other, saying, “Don’t you fear God? We’re getting what we deserve, but this man did nothing wrong!”
He asks Jesus to remember him when he comes into his kingdom.
Jesus answered him, “Truly I tell you, today you will be with me in paradise.”
Two criminals on cross, one rebukes, one repents (23:39-43) unique to Luke’s Gospel
The Death of Jesus (23:44-49)
It was now about noon, and darkness came over the whole land until three in the afternoon, for the sun stopped shining.
And the curtain of the temple was torn in two.
Jesus called out with a loud voice, “Father, into your hands I commit my spirit.”
When he had said this, he breathed his last.
The centurion, seeing what had happened, praised God and said, “Surely this was a righteous man.”
When all the people who had gathered to witness this sight saw what took place, they beat their breasts and went away.
But all those who knew him, including the women who had followed him from Galilee, stood at a distance, watching these things.
"Father, into your hand I commit my spirit" (23:46) unique to Luke’s Gospel
Centurion’s declaration of innocence (23:47-48) unique to Luke’s Gospel
The Burial of Jesus (23:50-56)
On the evening of the Crucifixion, Joseph of Arimathea, a dissenting member of the Sanhedrin, asked Pilate for the body, and, after Pilate granted his request, he wrapped it in a linen cloth and laid it in a tomb.
The women who had followed Jesus watched where he was buried and went to prepare spices for the body, but did not return to the tomb until after the Sabbath day of rest was complete.
Women preparing spices, and resting on Sabbath (23:56) unique to Luke’s Gospel
Epilogue: Postresurrection Appearances in the Vicinity of Jerusalem (24:1-53)
Jesus Has Risen (24:1-12)
Very early in the morning after the Sabbath, the women discover the tomb has been opened, and two men in shining garments come up to them and tell them not to be afraid since Jesus is risen.
They say, “Why do you look for the living among the dead?”
They remind the women that Jesus had told them hat all of this would happen ahead of time.
The women return to the eleven disciples to tell them the news, but they don’t believe them.
Peter, however, got up and ran to the tomb. Bending over, he saw the strips of linen lying by themselves, and he went away, wondering to himself what had happened.
Apostles not believing women’s report of resurrection (24:10-11) unique to Luke’s Gospel
On the Road to Emmaus (24:13-35)
Unique to Luke’s Gospel
Luke states that while a disciple named Cleopas was walking towards Emmaus with another disciple, they met Jesus.
They did not recognize him, and discussed their sadness at recent events with him.
Not recognizing Jesus, their question of “Are you the only one who does not know about what recently happened in Jerusalem?” is ironic since Jesus knows better than anyone else what had recently happened in Jerusalem.
He said to them, “How foolish you are, and how slow to believe all that the prophets have spoken! Did not the Messiah have to suffer these things and then enter his glory?” And beginning with Moses and all the Prophets, he explained to them what was said in all the Scriptures concerning himself.
They persuaded him to come and eat with them, and in the course of the meal, when Jesus took the bread and broke it, they recognized him. But when they did, he disappeared.
They immediately get up and go back to Jerusalem to tell the news to the eleven disciples, and when they get there, the eleven tell them that they have already heard the news because Jesus has already appeared to Simon Peter.
Jesus Appears to the Disciples (24:36-49)
While they are talking, Jesus suddenly appears in the room with them, saying, “Peace be with you.”
Everybody jumps, thinking they just saw a ghost.
Jesus tells them to not be disturbed or doubtful.
He tells them to look at his hands and feet. He tells them to touch him and see that he truly is flesh and bone, and not a ghost.
The disciples still can’t believe their eyes, so Jesus asks for something to eat, and they give him a piece of broiled fish and eats it.
He said to them, “This is what I told you while I was still with you: Everything must be fulfilled that is written about me in the Law of Moses, the Prophets and the Psalms.”
Then he opened their minds so they could understand the Scriptures.
He told them, “This is what is written: The Messiah will suffer and rise from the dead on the third day, and repentance for the forgiveness of sins will be preached in his name to all nations, beginning at Jerusalem. You are witnesses of these things. I am going to send you what my Father has promised; but stay in the city until you have been clothed with power from on high.”
Appearance to disciples and teaching on fulfillment (24:36-49) unique to Luke’s Gospel
The Ascension of Jesus (24:50-53)
Ascension (24:50-53) unique to Luke’s Gospel
When he had led them out to the vicinity of Bethany, he lifted up his hands and blessed them.
While he was blessing them, he left them and was taken up into heaven.
Then they worshiped him and returned to Jerusalem with great joy.
And they stayed continually at the temple, praising God.
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